10% flat, with a minimum effective rate of 3% introduced under recent reforms.
Capped at 10%; the first EUR 24,000 of income is exempt.
4.5% standard (IGI - Impost General Indirecte), the lowest general consumption-tax rate in Europe; registration threshold EUR 40,000 (EUR 150,000 for agricultural activity).
An individual becomes an Andorran tax resident by spending more than 183 days in 12 months in the country, or by having Andorra as the center of their economic and vital activities, confirmed via a specialist source. A specific carve-out excludes daily cross-border frontier workers who commute from Spain or France, even if employed by an Andorra-resident legal entity. Residents are taxed on worldwide income. Andorran companies require a commercial authorization implying a physical office of at least 20 square meters, confirmed via a specialist corporate-tax source - a real substance requirement.
No domestic Andorran CFC regime was identified in available sources this session. Important distinction, confirmed via a specialist corporate-tax source: the practical CFC risk facing Andorra-structured companies more often comes from OTHER countries' own CFC rules targeting Andorran entities that lack genuine economic substance (physical presence, local staff, real business activity) - this is exposure under a foreign country's law, not a domestic Andorran CFC attribution mechanism. Directors and beneficial owners should not assume Andorra incorporation alone avoids CFC exposure under their own home country's rules.
No statutory thin capitalization ratio was identified in available sources this session.
No domestic FBAR/Form 8938-equivalent requiring Andorra residents to self-report their own foreign accounts was identified. Andorra participates in the OECD Common Reporting Standard (CRS), exchanging financial account information with over 100 jurisdictions, confirmed via a specialist source. Separately and independently of local law, US citizens and Green Card holders with Andorra accounts remain obligated to file FinCEN Form 114 (FBAR) once aggregate foreign accounts exceed USD 10,000, and potentially Form 8938, regardless of local requirements.
Andorra's treaty network is actively growing and was materially expanded very recently: the Andorra-United Kingdom Income and Capital Tax Treaty (2025) entered into force December 22, 2025, with application in Andorra beginning January 1, 2026 for withholding and other taxes, confirmed directly via a KPMG tax alert - notably, this directly supersedes an older secondary-source claim (an earlier-dated corporate tax guide) that specifically listed the UK as a country without an Andorra treaty; that claim is now outdated. Named treaty partners confirmed via multiple sources include Spain, France, Portugal, Luxembourg, the United Arab Emirates, Malta, San Marino, and the UK (newly added), with the total network size cited between approximately 10-15+ agreements depending on source vintage given the network's active recent growth. Andorra still has no treaty with several large economies including Germany, Italy, China, India, Japan, or Russia, confirmed via a specialist corporate-tax source - meaning dividends and other income flowing to/from those countries face the higher default domestic withholding rates of the source country rather than treaty-reduced rates (for example, the US defaults to 30% withholding on dividends to non-resident aliens from non-treaty countries, and Andorra has no US treaty).