Andorra levies separate direct taxes on corporate profits (Impost de Societats), personal income (IRPF), and non-resident income, administered nationally by the Departament de Tributs i de Fronteres, while VAT (IGI) and certain local levies (property, construction authorization) are collected by the comus (municipalities). Andorra only introduced a general income tax in 2015 and has since progressively tightened the regime, including a 2023 minimum effective corporate tax and CFC rules.
The tax year for individuals is the calendar year. For companies, it is the accounting period adopted by the company, which may not exceed 12 months. The corporate tax return is due within one month following the six-month period after the close of the accounting period, and an advance payment is due on the first day of the ninth month from the start of the accounting period.
10% flat, with a minimum effective rate of 3% introduced under recent reforms.
Capped at 10%; the first EUR 24,000 of income is exempt.
4.5% standard (IGI - Impost General Indirecte), the lowest general consumption-tax rate in Europe; registration threshold EUR 40,000 (EUR 150,000 for agricultural activity).
An individual becomes an Andorran tax resident by spending more than 183 days in 12 months in the country, or by having Andorra as the center of their economic and vital activities. A specific carve-out excludes daily cross-border frontier workers who commute from Spain or France, even if employed by an Andorra-resident legal entity. Residents are taxed on worldwide income. Andorran companies require a commercial authorization implying a physical office of at least 20 square meters.
A non-resident entity is subject to Andorran non-resident income tax at a flat 10% withholding on Andorra-source income where it has no fixed place of business or dependent agent in Andorra. Where the non-resident maintains a fixed place of business or acts through a dependent agent that habitually concludes contracts in Andorra, it is treated as operating through a permanent establishment and is taxed as a resident entity, at the standard 10% corporate rate, on the income attributable to that establishment.
Act 5/2023 introduced CFC-style fiscal transparency provisions (see Hybrid Entity Rules below for full detail): a resident must include in its tax base its share of a controlled foreign entity's undistributed passive income where that entity is taxed at less than half of what the income would bear in Andorra and lacks substantial economic activity.
Andorra does not use a fixed debt-to-equity ratio, but introduced an EBITDA-based interest limitation rule as part of its 2023 tax reforms: net deductible financial expenses are capped at 30% of the taxpayer's EBITDA for the period, with financial expenses under EUR 500,000 deductible regardless of the cap.
Andorra classifies foreign entities under its own domestic characterization rules rather than offering a US-style elective check-the-box system. Act 5/2023 introduced CFC-style fiscal transparency provisions requiring a resident to include in its tax base its share of a controlled foreign entity's undistributed passive income where that entity is taxed at less than half of what the income would have borne in Andorra and lacks substantial economic activity; this functions as an anti-hybrid backstop, though Andorra has not enacted a dedicated ATAD2-style anti-hybrid mismatch regime denying deductions for double-deduction or deduction-without-inclusion outcomes.
No domestic FBAR-equivalent regime requires Andorran residents to separately disclose foreign financial accounts. Andorra is a CRS participating jurisdiction, having begun automatic exchange of financial account information in 2018, so Andorran financial institutions report non-resident account holder information to partner tax authorities. US persons remain independently subject to FinCEN Form 114 (FBAR) and potentially Form 8938 regardless of Andorra's own reporting rules.
Andorra provides a participation exemption for dividends and capital gains from qualifying subsidiaries. Domestic participations qualify without further conditions. For a foreign participation, the exemption applies only if the shares are not held merely as a portfolio investment and the foreign entity is itself subject to tax on its profits, a subject-to-tax condition that coordinates the exemption with the CFC rules' targeting of low-taxed passive income.
Andorra grants a credit for foreign tax paid on income that is also taxed in Andorra, generally under the mechanism set out in its double tax treaties, capped at the amount of Andorran tax attributable to that same income.
Andorra has signed double tax treaties with 15 countries: Spain, France and Portugal (its earliest treaties, in force since January 2016), Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Malta, Cyprus, the United Arab Emirates, San Marino, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Monaco, Iceland, Croatia (signed October 2022, in force October 2023), and the United Kingdom (signed 2025, entered into force December 22, 2025, applying in Andorra from January 1, 2026). Negotiations are separately underway, but not yet signed, with Germany, Austria, Belgium, and Switzerland. Andorra still has no treaty with several other large economies including Italy, China, India, Japan, or Russia.