Colombia's headline corporate income tax (CIT) rate is 35.
The headline personal income tax (PIT) rate is 39.
The standard VAT/GST (or equivalent consumption tax) rate is 19. Registration thresholds, zero-rated and exempt categories, and reduced rates vary by jurisdiction - see the source link below for the full detail on this jurisdiction.
An individual is a Colombian tax resident if present in Colombia (continuously or not) for 183 days or more within any 365-day period (spanning two calendar years if applicable, with residency assigned to the second year once the threshold is crossed). Colombian nationals can also be deemed resident regardless of days present if: their spouse or dependents are Colombian tax residents; 50% or more of their income, assets, or property is sourced in or managed from Colombia; they fail to provide DIAN with proof of foreign tax residency on request; or they are fiscally resident in a jurisdiction Colombia treats as a tax haven. Residents are taxed on worldwide income; non-residents at a flat 35% on Colombia-source income only.
A foreign entity is a CFC if controlled by a Colombian tax resident (holding 10% or more of the entity's equity or results, directly or indirectly) and treated as non-resident for Colombian tax purposes. Passive income (dividends, interest, rental income, gains on passive-income-generating assets, technical services, and similar) is attributed to the Colombian controller; where passive income represents 80% or more of the CFC's total income, its entire income, costs, and deductions are deemed passive.
Since a 2019 reform, Colombia's thin capitalization rule applies only to direct or indirect related-party interest-bearing debt (previously it covered unrelated debt too) at a reduced 2:1 debt-to-equity ratio (down from 3:1). Exceptions apply to businesses in unproductive/pre-operational phases, factoring companies with under 50% related-party operations, special-purpose infrastructure project entities, and entities supervised by the Superintendence of Finance.
Colombia maintains approximately 15 double tax treaties, a comparatively narrow but growing network reflecting Colombia's relatively recent (2020) OECD accession. Colombia has no comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States, though a Tax Information Exchange Agreement is in place.